Dogs communicate through their body language, vocalisations, and actions. Understanding these signals can help you better understand your dog's mood, needs, and behaviour. Here are some common dog behaviours and what they mean:

• Barking: Barking is one of the most common ways that dogs communicate. Dogs bark for various reasons, including alerting their owners to danger, defending their territory, or getting attention.
• Tail wagging: A wagging tail is often seen as a sign of happiness, but it can also indicate other emotions depending on the speed and intensity of the wag. A slow, relaxed wag can signal contentment, while a fast, stiff wag can show excitement or aggression.
• Licking: Licking is an expected behaviour in dogs, and it can have several different meanings. Dogs may lick their owners or other dogs as a sign of affection or lick themselves to groom or clean themselves. Licking can also be a sign of anxiety or stress.
• Growling: Growling is a vocalisation that dogs use to express their discomfort or aggression. If a dog is growling, it's essential to consider its body language and other behaviours to determine the cause and take appropriate action.
• Sniffing: Sniffing is a natural behaviour for dogs, as they have an incredible sense of smell that they use to gather information about their environment. Dogs may sniff other dogs, people, or objects to gather information, which can also be a sign of curiosity or interest.
• Digging: Digging is a natural behaviour for dogs, but it can also signify boredom, anxiety, or frustration. Providing your dog with plenty of mental and physical stimulation and a designated digging area can help curb this behaviour.

By understanding these common dog behaviours and their meaning, you can better communicate with your dog and respond to its needs. It's important to remember that every dog is unique and may express itself in different ways, so it's always a good idea to observe your dog and learn their individual signals and cues.